Mass transport within the eye is dominated by the aqueous outflow through the front of the which nourishes the cornea and lens. Optceutics has developed the PK-Eye™ to predict how this anterior outflow drives the clearance of biologic and small molecule drugs injected into the eye.

Drugs injected in to the vitreous at the back of the eye clear by diffusion. ​Large, charged biological molecules like antibodies diffuse slowly through the vitreous gel. Membrane impermeant,  they are unable to pass through  the retina and clear almost wholly by the anterior pathway. Small molecule drugs  diffuse through the vitreous more rapidly. Heavily charged small molecules clear through the front of the eye via the anterior pathway driven by aqueous outflow, while uncharged membrane permeant drugs will clear both by the anterior pathway as well as via the retina in the back of the eye (retinal-choroid-sclera, RCS, pathway).

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Optceutics has a family of PK-Eye™ models specifically designed to predict the clearance of large biologic, as well as membrane permeant and impermeant small molecule drugs injected into the back of the eye or delivered by an anterior intracameral route.